2012 is the Chinese year of the Dragon, which is surely a good sign for SpaceX who will be launching their combined COTS 2/3 mission in March. All being well, this will see the first private spacecraft visit and supply the International Space Station.
But what of China and their space programme? Whilst they might not be the first country that springs to mind when thinking about space exploration, perhaps they should be. They are definitely ones to watch. I attended a talk at the Royal Aeronautical Society in London last week to hear Karl Bergquist, Administrator for International Relations Department at ESA, talk us through the history, context and potential of the Chinese space programme.
I managed to catch him for a brief interview at the end of the talk and asked him to sum up the basics:
There were a few things that stood out from his presentation. Firstly, the fact that the Chinese Space Administration is less of a consolidated agency like NASA, and more of an “official window” as Bergquist described it, which is used in order to let outsiders peer in, but in a somewhat controlled manner. The CNSA seems to be a collection of all sorts of different departments with a very complex set-up, which includes both military and civilian partners. I’m sure we’ve all been in meetings where everyone wants to have their say on a subject, so it is impressive to see that despite so many players, the Chinese space programme appears to have progressed in a very structured manner in stages each lasting five years. Berquist suggested that when the Chinese write a white paper and say they will do something, they just get on and do it.
China’s equivalent to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) at NASA is designed with two bays to enable twin integration, which would suggest that China has no intention of wasting time when it comes to launching rockets in quick succession, which seemed worthy of note.
It appears that they are recreating American space history on fast-forward. Their first manned mission echoing Mercury, with a single astronaut (taikonaut), their second manned launch took two astronauts and then they moved straight on to three with their third manned launch. Amongst other things they are looking to the moon with a phased programme beginning with an orbital mission, then a soft-lander rover in 2013-14, and automated sample return in 2017. Bergquist mentioned an as yet unconfirmed manned lunar landing. Presently on Earth, all lunar rock samples officially belong to NASA, and the moon missions are still one of their crowning achievements. I would be interested to see how the US public would react to China achieving something similar.
According to Bergquist, the US refuses to work with China, although ESA, being an international partnership itself, is more open to joint ventures. There has already been some collaboration with the Double Star mission, with ESA providing eight on-board scientific instruments to a CNSA craft.
An interview from January 2010 with Karl Berquist on CNTV talking about the collaboration between ESA and CNSA:
Interestingly, ITAR (International Traffic on Arms Regulation) cropped up again, and once more, legislation which was drawn up to protect the US from harm, may inadvertently be costing the country economically. ITAR restrictions prevent any satellite with US components from being launched from China. This surely gives non-ITAR restricted contries an advantage, and will ultimately damage the market for US components. (I may of course be wrong on this final point, and I really must do some proper reading about ITAR. I know that it has caused headaches for international teams competing for the Google Lunar X-prize, and I’ve met more than one rocket scientist who has pulled a face at the very mention of it.)
But back to China, what were Bergquist’s thoughts on the future? Will China be leading space in the 21st century? The political ambition is there, he says, and the infrastructure is either there or being set-up. There will be questions about how to balance military and civilian aspects of the programme as well as exploration vs science, but in the end it depends on China’s continued economic growth.
A question from the audience asked about the public perception of the programme and whether the Chinese would be able to sustain public interest. Bergquist commented that he thinks it will be much the same as America, where people have appetite for mission firsts, but this tends to dwindle. At the drinks reception after the lecture I was talking to a Chinese man who simply said “It doesn’t really matter what the public think, the government will do what it wants anyway”.
China is definitely doing interesting things and I will attempt to learn more. First step is to look up Long March (rockets), Shenzou (spacecraft), Tiangong (Space lab) and Chang’E (lunar programme) to find out more. Next I want to know more about the green rocket fuel that was mentioned in passing – any ideas where to start?
I was lucky enough to hear Richard Garriott, gaming impresario and private astronaut, recount his personal tale of his mission to space at Yuri’s night at Ames in 2010 – and what a story it is.
Yuri’s night at NASA Ames was quite an experience in itself. A two-day celebration of all things space, at a NASA centre, with DJs in an aircraft hangar, an incredible aerobatic experience, an education day, chance to drive a small rover, with all sorts of fascinating people sharing their experiences (as diverse as helping to set up Apple, to being part of the team that smashed something into the moon).
But back to Garriott, he opened telling us that his father was an astronaut, their neighbours were astronauts, he just assumed that he too would be an astronaut. I tried to get my head around what it would be to grow up in that environment. Even the thought of meeting an astronaut seemed impossible to me at that time. Imagine if your Dad was one. Wow. I was hooked on the tale. He continued, explaining the lengths he went to to get to space. It was unlikely I’d follow in his footsteps earning millions in gaming, but somewhat surprisingly, Richard didn’t come across as a spoilt rich kid, no, this guy had passion. It was exciting, it was infectious. You can’t just buy yourself a seat on NASA’s space shuttle fleet (though political muscle might get your further), so how’s a guy to get to space? Simple. Approach the Russians. Garriott secured himself not just a seat, but the first private astronaut seat on the Soyuz. A collapse in share prices (which forced him to sell his number one spot) and one major surgery later, Richard was on his way to space, via Star City. It was an incredible tale, still untouchable, but inspiring.
I was honoured to be at the UK screening of Man on a Mission, the (you might say, obvious,) result of Richard’s space adventure. He introduced the film, with some heartfelt thanks to people in the room that had been part of his life during the journey and we watched an hour of space-geek fantasies unfold on the big screen.
The film crew had fantastic access at Star City in Russia, a place that my SpaceNomad adventures have not (yet) taken me. Watching the hulking Soyuz rocket rolling down the track to the pad was awe-inspiring. Hearing about how he’d sneaked a camera in and illicitly filmed the re-ntry of the Soyuz capsule made my eyes wide with wonder (as did the off the record comments about this he shared when the film was over).
It was an excellent film, full of action and adventure, and best of all it’s true. I felt slightly that it focussed so much on the undeniably awesome sight of the rocket launch and space travel experience that something in the telling was missing, compared with the personal account I heard in Mountain View. Despite this, I would recommend it to anyone, not just members of the space community. It’s a story about passion, setting your sights on the impossible and then making it happen. That resonates with me especially, but I defy you not to come out without some spark of imagination ignited in your head.
After the film I caught Richard for a brief moment. My recording equipment let me down slightly (hence abrupt ending), but I was reassured that times are changing, and space isn’t just for the rich kids these days. With the proliferation of commercial space companies, as well as a wider global space operation, I’m still quietly hopeful that I’ll have my own film-worthy story one day. (And Richard, if you’re reading this, feel free to get me one step closer with a spare seat/space on a ZeroG flight!)
Oh, and if you ever wondered what it is like to go to the toilet in space (and aren’t squeamish!) listen to this:
This afternoon something very strange happened. I received a tweet from @katrobinson that said “@SpaceKate Administrator Bolden is talking about you! #NASATweetup”.
My instant response? “ARE YOU SERIOUS?”
Apparently she was, as this tweet was rapidly followed by several others from people who were also at the Juno TweetUp.
Whoah! The Head. Of NASA. Was talking. About ME! Have you any idea how totally and utterly improbable that is? How completely unthinkable it would have been just a year ago? How mad it is that a former astronaut, the administrator of the world’s most iconicly famous space agency , would be talking about me, a girl who grew up (and still lives) in the East end of London? If you even jokingly suggested it a year ago I would have laughed and cried “impossible”.
The past year has been an unbelievably special adventure. I’ve made friends with astronauts, mission controllers, scientists, engineers, and shuttle programme workers who’ve shown me the real NASA. The human, real, hard-working, passionate, family that is NASA. I’ve seen two shuttles launch and land and been bear-hugged by the boss. I’ve watched SpaceX launch their dragon capsule into orbit. Flown the shuttle simulator. Been awestruck by the sheer scale of the VAB. Waved at the ISS to someone I’ve eaten dinner with, and then mourned for him when his mother died and he was still in orbit. I’ve learned and I’ve shared. I’ve chatted at length about space at airports and given my NASA swag to excited young children. I convinced someone to fly transatlantic to see Discovery (finally) launch. I even got the cynics in my office watching the final shuttle launch when I wasn’t there to demand they did so in person.
There are too many highlights; too many moments I’ve needed someone to pinch me. Today is one of those days. Today the head of NASA used me as an example of being passionate about the space programme. I cannot quite explain what that means to me. It’s been such an honour to do the things I’ve done and I just hope that my thrill and excitement and attempts to bring people along the journey have shown that I realise how lucky I am.
Today the head of NASA talked about me. I guess I must have done something right.
Well, you didn’t ever think that I would miss the final shuttle launch did you? The pull was too strong, I raided my piggy banks, took a deep breath and booked myself a London – Orlando plane ticket, and here I am.
I can’t tell you how great it feels to be back and I’m so looking forward to seeing the incredible people that I met over my adventure last time. In case you don’t know the story, here’s Space Nomad in a couple of sentences.
I got picked for NASA Tweet-up for STS-133, the final launch of space shuttle Discovery. I packed for ten days, but I stayed for four and a half months. Discovery was delayed on multiple occasions and I used that as an excuse to travel across the states, exploring NASA and commercial space hubs and being privileged to receive incredible kindness from the space community.
There are so many fascinating, wonderful people who helped me on my journey – Chris Schaffer, Jen Scheer, Matt Sachtler, Jeff Wallace, Rebecca Cutri-Kohart, Cariann Higginbotham, Stephanie Schierholz, Michael Grabois, John McBrine to name just a handful. The NASA Tweet-Up participants became a family to me. I’m so pleased that I’ll be able to reconnect with some of them and be here for this emotional end to the shuttle programme.
This is not just about rockets, it’s not just about space, or money or anything. This is a real passion for a lot of people. The end of the shuttle programme will see hundreds of people lose their jobs and this will significantly affect the space coast. Being around people who work with NASA, who’ve worked on the programme, hands-on with the orbiters has given me such a special insight. They really are like a family, this is not just the end of a project for them. This is the end of an era.
So I’m back. I’m here to witness the final launch. STS-135, space shuttle Atlantis bringing the programme to a close. There will be joyful reunions, parties, excitement, tension, an overload of the senses at launch, and then a gentle realisation that it will never be repeated. I’m going to do my best to keep you updated, so follow me and my adventure as the Space Nomad rides again. I’m on Twitter, Flickr, Facebook and I’ll be doing audio interviews on Audioboo too. Feel free to use the #spacenomad hashtag and join the adventure.
I love the Science Museum in London. I always have, whether it was because it had lots of buttons to press as a child, because I learned they house Watson and Crick’s original model of the DNA double helix when I was thinking of studying genetics, or because they have adults-only evenings with interesting talks. I love it.
Of course it was the first place I thought to go to learn about space before I had my first meeting with astronaut Leroy Chiao. A year ago I knew Apollo 11 went to the moon and that Apollo 13 was a film I hadn’t seen, about astronauts in trouble. I needed to know more than that before I sat down for lunch with an astronaut. (An astronaut!!!)
I trawled a wikipedia page that introduced me to Mercury and Gemini. So much information. I needed to see things, be surrounded by them. I headed to the science museum. Like an eager schoolchild I entered the space gallery with my notepad and pen. I wanted to learn, to be educated, to be inspired.
I hate to say it, because I hold the Science Museum dearly close to my heart, but I was disappointed. There were boards telling kids that they could be astronauts, which I felt didn’t do justice to the gravity of all that entails. Why not encourage them to be engineers, rover drivers, software engineers. Being an astronaut is cool, but not many people get to do it, and for a while at least, there aren’t going to be too many opportunities, not through traditional channels anyway. The display said that governments were all aiming for the moon, even back then I knew enough to know the that was no longer the case. NASA was in limbo, Constellation had just been axed, no-one knew quite what was coming next, but the moon wasn’t a prime target.
There were artifacts, but no overall feel for how they fitted into the story of space. There was a 1986 video of the shuttle, it looked embarrassingly dated. None of it felt sexy and spacey, and let’s not forget: Space IS Sexy.
I left having written down one date and the name of the first dog in space. Then I went home to read Wikipedia and panic about what exactly one should wear when meeting an astronaut.
Two weeks later I was back at the science museum to attend TEDx London. As I walked deep into the museum to the theatre I said an internal “hello” to the structure of DNA and then stopped in my tracks as I passed a thick wall and found an Apollo capsule. An ACTUAL been-in-space-and-come-back-again Apollo command module. Apollo 10 in fact.
Wow! A real Apollo capsule. I was excited, gleeful, inspired…
…and then annoyed.
How the hell could I have come to the Science Museum, specifically to learn about space, read pretty much every single word on every sign in the gallery in order to try to absorb something and STILL miss that they have an Apollo capsule?!
I had a feeling that I had missed something, that my childhood self had seen more, but I looked around and there was no sign of there being anything more about space in the museum.
Today I attended Science Museum Lates, a space themed one, and I got to ask the space section curator, Doug Millard, “Why?”.
What a travesty! It’s the only flown Apollo capsule that is not in the United States. It’s a massive honour that London has this at all. It’s an incredible piece of history. Not just space history, ALL history. It should be the centre piece of any exhibition about space. Without a doubt.
If I had my way I would put the Apollo 10 capsule SLAP BANG in the middle of the space exhibition. It is by far the most exciting piece in the collection. Not only has it been in space, it has been AROUND THE MOON! How can they justify hiding something like that? It is the real deal. It should be celebrated not tucked away.
Then again, if I had my way, I’d be getting ready to go to space right now (or at least to see another shuttle launch!), and I know I can’t always have things my way. My compromise, if one really *has* to be made, would be to put a whopping big “REAL Apollo Capsule THIS WAY” sign in the middle of the carpet to a) alert people to the fact they have one in the museum collection, and b) tell them where the f&%k it is. (I’m sorry to get all CAPS LOCK on you, but I’m really passionate about this.)
Space is Sexy. New space is sexy and exciting. I don’t understand how it is possible to have an entire exhibition so focused on the past, with out of date labels giving the impression that space was something that used to happen, and yet still tell children they can all be astronauts. How? How can they be astronauts?
Well maybe now would be a good time to introduce the idea that space is becoming more commonplace. Draw parallels with the beginning of the aviation industry. Mention exciting things like the Ansari X-Prize, SpaceShipOne, Virgin Galactic. What about the Google Lunar X-Prize? People are trying to send ROBOTS to THE MOON! That’s awesome! What kid wouldn’t be excited about that? Especially if they were told they could even join some of the teams competing for this multi-million dollar prize.
What about commercial space? SpaceX‘s boss Elon Musk has announced they want to send people to MARS within the next two decades. They have engineers and programmers working their guts out right now to build the next generation of rockets. That is exciting. That is futuristic and cool. That is the future. That is what we should be using to inspire the next generation of scientists, mathematicians and engineers. The fact that real space stuff, is really happening, NOW.
There must be more that can be done. The European Space Agency has an astronaut (the lovely Paolo Nespoli) in space right now, he’s on Twitter. Even just putting a screen up with a loop of photos he’s sent down from space, beside his tweets, that would be an amazing way to start making people realise this stuff is real. He’s up there right now. I wave at him when the ISS passes overhead. Things don’t need to cost a fortune.
Hell, I will loan the museum my space artifacts if it means that more people can enjoy them and be inspired by them. I have seen amazing things, I’ve been lucky enough to visit space centres and US aviation/space museums, I *know* there is more that can be done.
So I’m making my pledge right here, right now. I am going to do all that I can to improve the space section of the Science Museum in London. I will pull every string, of every contact, and go out and make more contacts if I need to, so that I can do all that I can to help. Who’s with me? Who can help?
Yesterday was a very special day. It not only marked the 50th anniversary of the first manned spaceflight which saw Yuri Gagarin, the Russian cosmonaut, orbit the earth in Vostok 1, but also the 30th anniversary of the first space shuttle launch. NASA didn’t plan for the the first shuttle to take off exactly 20 years after Yuri’s flight, but as fate would have it, the mission was delayed a few days and lifted of on 12th April 1981.
Being the 50th anniversary, lots of Yuri’s Night events were planned all around the world and Spacevidcast, with bubbly hosts Cariann and Benjamin Higginbotham were dipping into parties during their special live broadcast.
I was that the London event – hosted by Matt Brown (Editor, Londonist) and Helen Keen (of Radio 4 rocket science show fame) – which was a mix of space science, quiz questions and comedians. Oh, and me. I did a little talk about how I’d like to get to space. I was nervous, and haven’t dared listen back to it yet, but here it is in case you’d like to hear it.
The evening was a lot of fun, and I was heartened to see that we could pack out a venue in the name of spaceflight. It gives me the prod to get back to thinking about how I’m going to do SpaceUp UK. Let me know if you’re interested in helping out, or are a spacey type person who might be interested coming when I finally put it on.
It’s been a busy week here in London. I arrived back from the Space Nomad adventure and started a new job over at Audioboo. That doesn’t mean the space dreams are over, in fact I’ve already put a collage of space pictures up opposite my desk, it just means I’m going to have to work twice as hard to fit in the blogging. Despite the backlog of things I’d like to tell you about, I wanted to share this with you right away.
Have you ever wanted to see just how much cloud there really is over London in the course of a year? Well clever cookie Nathan Bergey has made a video consisting of images taken roughly once per day from NASA’s Terra satellite using the MODIS imgaer. He stitched together and added some music to make a cool of time-lapse. I like it muchly, so here it is.
London, a Year from Space from Nathan Bergey on Vimeo.
Yesterday I watched shuttle Discovery land for the final time, and I realised that I’ve not yet posted a piece here about the launch. I wrote a piece for the National Geographic Assignment Blog, but it wasn’t all that easy to do. How could I find words to explain launch day?
I’m still struggling if I’m honest. I guess that’s why it’s taken me so long to force myself to sit down and do this. The problem is, there are no words.
There are no words that can sum up the culmination of four months of waiting.
There are no words to explain the feeling you get when you’re surrounded by a group of new-found friends, sharing a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
There are no words to capture the brightness of flames from the solid rocket boosters, or the sheer power of force and sound that hits you moments after lift-off.
With that caveat in place, here’s my poor attempt to describe what it is like to watch a shuttle launch from the press site at Kennedy Space Centre…
We arrived many hours before the launch was due to take place, but the hours of waiting melted into a blur of wonderment, excitement and interesting talks kindly organised by NASA TweetUp hero Stephanie Schierholz. Our robotic friend, Robonaut 2, twin of AstroRobonaut (who was safely packed into the cargo bay of STS-133) had evolved since the last time we met in November. Instead of a legless torso, he now sported a carriage with wheels and was dubbed Centaur-naut.
We heard from Shannon Walker, who returned from space just before Christmas. She was inspirational, radiant, and full of smiles. Then former astronaut Leland Melvin wowed us with his energy and ability to tell a good story. He did what most astronauts are not allowed to do, he told it how it was, he made it real, and he made sure that I will always smile when I hear the word “Anaconda”.
The sun was shining, there were media people buzzing all around and tripods lined up all along the waterfront. The car-park beside the press site was full of an army of satellite trucks, waiting to beam news live to the nation, live to the world. It was so different from the last time I was there. We had arrived so eagerly, and so early that we beat the media there. They didn’t have time to come down and set up before we heard the launch had been scrubbed.
Discovery’s flag was flying with the US flag on the pole beside the countdown clock. I hoped that I wouldn’t have to witness the heartbreaking sight of the flag being lowered in the event of a scrub. That was the thing that broke me last time. The poignancy of that simple gesture had brought tears to my eyes.
Today was different. Everything seemed positive. All systems go! I felt like I was dreaming.
Leaving plenty of time before launch, I headed down to the water where I had set up my tripod earlier in the day, claiming my little slice of prime viewing. I set up my kit, SLR, point and shoot, video and audio. I rehearsed the order in which I would switch things on, hooked up the shutter release so there would be no watching through a viewfinder, and felt my heart racing.
I felt nervous and excited. I had to fight my body’s production of adrenalin in order to stay still. My hands were shaking. There was some commotion as we heard that the clock had been stopped at five minutes. There’s not usually a hold there. Information slowly trickled in that there was problem with a computer involved with range safety. For the moment, we were “no go”. There wasn’t really time to let this sink in properly. Information was scarce and we were trying to piece it together. Suddenly there was a shout of “the clock is counting down again!”. It was sweet music to our ears. I set everything recording, yelped as Nathan tripped over my tripod knocking the shuttle out of frame seconds before launch. I scrambled to fix things and then there it was.
A huge white cloud of emerged from the base of the shuttle, then brightness so intense it was almost hard to look at. There was no looking away though. This was it. Discovery was on her way. My heart was in my throat as memories of nightmares I’d had popped into my head. I remembered how I felt watching Paolo Nespoli launching on the Soyuz. I thought of Nicole Stott’s husband Chris, and of Karen James, standing just behind me watching her friend Mike Barratt launching into space.
The flames shooting out of the bottom of the shuttle were scorching a line through the sky, leaving a thick trail of orangey smoke behind them. Within moments the shuttle was soaring high above us, to a soundtrack of cheering. Then came the first inkling of the rumble that went on to be a wall of sound so powerful it literally shook our cameras and our bones. The deep rumbling built to a crescendo of popping like the sound waves were ripping the air apart, bursting their way through to us. Had I not been there in person I would have assumed that it was a problem with the microphone distorting. It was like 1000 fireworks exploding all at once, with an accompaniment of an Earth-shaking rumble. As I said earlier – there are no words. No photograph can ever capture the brightness, no video will ever do the sound justice. I recorded the sound of the launch, which you could try listening to on big speakers with the volume up and your eyes closed, but it won’t be the same as being there. The sound silenced everyone for a moment, and then the cheering was back. The solid rocket boosters separated successfully and we followed the rapidly decreasing point of light as it flew faster and faster towards space.
I was in a bubble. Despite all the people and noise around me, I felt detached from it all. I was part of the group experience, but I’d also had a very deep personal experience. I was speechless. How do you describe something like that? It was incredible. I was awe-struck.
I looked round. Karen was standing there. I’d heard her shouting “Go Mike!” as Discovery launched into the skies. Now she was just standing there like me, dumbstruck by what she’d just seen, but with the additional emotional layer of knowing someone on the mission. I knew what she was feeling, I’d been through the same thing watching Paolo rocket into space, even though I was only able to do that via that magic of television. I gave her a big hug. I needed one too.
There was so much inside me, I wanted to tell everyone what I’d just seen, but all the people around me had just seen it too. I called a friend, but found it hard to finish sentences, to find the right words. I needed to sit quietly and let it all sink in.
It wasn’t until about 11.30pm, some six hours later, that the ability to speak fully began to return to me, and it wasn’t until the next morning that I felt myself again. There are no words to describe the emotions related to watching a shuttle launch at such close proximity. Only now do I fully understand what people meant when they said to me “You have to watch a shuttle launch in person. You have to see it, hear it, and feel it”.
There are no words, so I’ll just end this blog by repeating that sentiment myself. You have to watch a shuttle launch in person. You have to see it, hear it, and feel it. You better be quick though – the shuttle programme is ending in the next few months. Do whatever you can to get yourself to a launch. You won’t regret it.
My full set of launch photographs can be found in my Flickr account and don’t forget to follow my Space Nomad adventure on Twitter.
It’s launch day! Today! After one hell of an adventure (I promise I’ll explain more later) the #spacenomad is back in Florida and if all goes to plan, Diva Discovery will launch from KSC this afternoon at 4.50pm EST.
I managed to catch Bill Ingalls, one of NASA’s official photographers who will be capturing fantastic images of Discovery’s final flight, to ask him what tips he could give us on how to take a great shuttle launch picture. Here’s what he said:
“One quick note on Shuttle launch photography. Don’t do it! That’s my 2¢. There is something about having a camera between you and this event that removes you from it. This happens quick and it is fantastic. I highly recommend to everyone that they set their camera down and enjoy this moment and download NASA images for their use later.
For those who insist….
If using a long lens on a bright sunny day. Under expose from daylight exposure by 1-stop. This helps bring out some details in the flames. I would recommend using manual exposure.
Again – I say – just enjoy the moment with friends and colleagues. Cameras that are set up within the pad perimeter will get the best pix and are available for all to use.”
I’ll be setting my camera up on a tripod with a remote shutter release so I can watch this with my own eyes. It’ll be nice to have a photograph I can say is my own, but the best thing will be the memories. Here’s hoping for a safe flight this afternoon. Ad astra Discovery!

I’d be happy to be hired to go into space, or even just to float around for 30 seconds on a Zero-G flight. There is an organisation that offers astronauts for hire, and despite their insistence on txt spk in their official name “Astronauts 4 Hire” I’ve just applied to join them. Why not eh? No time like the present to try and get myself closer to that ambition of making it into orbit some day.
We know that it will be commercial companies pushing the boundaries of human spaceflight in the next few years, in the US at least, so it does raise an interesting question about who their astronauts will be. It’s likely that once tested, NASA will buy seats on these vehicles as they current do with the Russian Soyuz, but will they risk their highly-trained astronauts in tests of these rockets? I think it’s doubtful. So who then will be in the hot-seat for the first manned flights of these commercial craft? And who will train them? The equipment used to train NASA astronauts doesn’t come cheap, you can’t just magic a 6.2 million gallon pool out of nowhere for spacewalk training for example. Will NASA rent out its facilities to commercial companies? (They already have at least one mission control room that can be hired).
Would principal investigators running complex scientific experiments in space trust their work to a commercial astronaut crew? Will cuts in scientific funding mean that they are forced to explore options such as these in future, if the price is right?
All interesting questions, and perhaps Astronauts 4 Hire is the answer. Time will tell.
(If you work in astronaut training or for a commercial space company I’d love your thoughts on the above questions… )